Vinay Prasad is a practicing hematologist-oncologist who doubles as a “meta-researcher,” studying the quality of medical evidence, health policy, and clinical trials. In this episode, Vinay discusses the differences in clinical treatment from the existing medical evidence, often leading to useless, or even harmful, outcomes for patients. With a focus in oncology, he takes a deep dive into the field’s structural problems, which include the disconnect between progress and funding, drug costs, and financial conflicts of interest. He concludes with his “six hallmarks of successful cancer policy” as a potential roadmap to sustained progress against cancer and a way to avoid repeating the policy and practice mistakes of the past. We discuss: • Vinay’s background and unique perspective [3:15]; • Medical reversal—the disconnect between research findings and clinical applications in medicine [10:15]; • The uniquely challenging field of oncology [22:45]; • The importance of bedside manner with cancer patients [30:00]; • Structural problems in oncology—Problem #1: Huge costs for small improvements [37:00]; • Structural problems in oncology—Problem #2: Medical reversal—when medical practices are adopted based on low levels of evidence [40:15]; • Structural problems in oncology—Problem #3: Slow progress in cancer research (despite all the hype and propaganda) [45:00]; • Structural problems in oncology—Problem #4: The burden of payment is not matched with those making treatment decisions [54:45]; • “No-brainer” moves in oncology [1:06:45]; • “Fool’s gold” treatments in oncology [1:09:30]; • The six hallmarks of successful cancer policy [1:16:00]; • Cancer policy hallmark #1: Independence [1:18:00]; • Cancer policy hallmark #2: Evidence [1:28:15]; • Cancer policy hallmark #3: Relevance [1:31:30]; • Cancer policy hallmark #4: Affordability [1:32:00]; • Cancer policy hallmark #5: Possibility [1:47:00]; • Cancer policy hallmark #6: Agenda [1:52:00]; • Tumor genome sequencing and liquid biopsies [1:54:30]; • Vinay’s clinical philosophy, being skeptical without being too contrarian, and practicing medicine without perfect information [2:03:30]; and • More. Learn more: https://peterattiamd.com/ Show notes page for this episode: https://peterattiamd.com/VinayPrasad Subscribe to receive exclusive subscriber-only content: https://peterattiamd.com/subscribe/ Sign up to receive Peter's email newsletter: https://peterattiamd.com/newsletter/ Connect with Peter on Facebook | Twitter | Instagram.